我国环境民事公私益诉讼的并行与融合

当前,在我国法律体系内环境民事公私益诉讼采用了并行模式。并行模式关注于环境公共利益与私人利益的差异性,从而进行有针对性的利益维护。这虽然看似诉讼目的明确,符合环境权益救济需求,但其实际忽视了环境的整体性特征,不但不利于案件事实的梳理,而且容易造成司法资源的浪费甚至可能出现相互矛盾的裁判。面对并行模式存在的弊端,我国部分学者提出了强制合并、混合并存、另赋实体请求权、诉讼信托、诉讼担当等环境民事公私益诉讼的融合模式,上述模式分别从诉的合并和诉讼实施权融合两个方面对融合方式进行了探讨,但是其中仍存在当事人诉讼选择权忽视、公私益失衡以及责任重复认定等问题。随着生态文明建设的不断推进,人们对美好生活的需要促使更多的人开始关注环境质量,环境公益诉讼的数量日渐增多。基于环境问题的关联性、潜伏性特征以及环境侵害发生的阶段性机理,环境诉讼中环境公共利益与私人利益的交叉使得环境民事公私益诉讼的融合成为应然趋势。在尊重环境整体性特征的基础上,以追求环境公共利益与私人利益的平衡为原则,结合我国实际,以具备中国特色的检察制度作为枢纽,充分利用检察机关的监督权以及环境民事公益诉讼起诉权,构建环境民事公私益诉讼的新融合模式,将有利于诉讼目的实现。新融合模式强调发挥检察机关的公益诉讼效能,争取将同一事实产生的公私益诉求在同一时段提出,并依据诉的合并将两者合并审理,继而,在进行责任认定时,关注公私益交融之处,实现责任公平分配。新融合模式尊重了当事人的诉讼权利,避免了责任的重复认定,节约诉讼资源的同时提升了诉讼效率,不失为环境民事公私益诉讼的理想选择。当然,该模式尚处于理论初探阶段,要想真正具备实践性还需要在自诉讼制度、监督机制以及协作配合等多个层面进行建设构想,从而为环境诉讼的进一步研究奠定基础。     

Estimation of critical points in the mixture inverse Gaussian model

The maximum likelihood estimation for the critical points of the failure rate and the mean residual life function are presented in the case of mixture inverse Gaussian model. Several important data sets are analyzed from this point of view. For each of the data sets, Bootstrapping is used to construct confidence intervals of the critical points.     

投资基金绩效评价的Sharpe 指数与 衰减度实证分析

采用国际上基金业绩评价中普遍采用的Sharpe指数,对中国证券投资基金的业绩进行实证研究;针对Sharpe指数在基金收益非正态分布时的缺陷,采用Stutzer(2000)提出的衰减度对中国证券投资基金进行实证分析.实证分析说明,衰减度和Sharpe指数相比,在基金收益呈正态分布时,基金业绩排序一致;在基金收益呈非正态分布时,衰减度可根据基金收益高阶统计量(偏度,峰度)进行修正.另外,该研究表明根据衰减度参数θ的大小进行排序对基金绩效评价是有参考价值的.     

公共利益的概念建构评析 ——行政伦理学的视角

文章系统地梳理了美国行政学理论发展过程中的“公共利益”观念的变迁;批判了诸种功利主义和技治主义行政学理论对于“公共利益”的片面甚至错误的看法;主张将“公共利益”取向视为行政人必备的一种精神,一种职业信仰和终极向往。     

中国企业年金缴费率的模拟分析

企业年金在多支柱养老保险体系中发挥着越来越重要的作用.以个人账户为研究对象,为我国企业年金建立了精算平衡模型.文章在精算平衡模型的基础上,运用模拟的方法,对企业年金的缴费率进行了测算分析.并根据模拟的结果,对2004年5月1日开始实施的<企业年金试行办法>中缴费率的规定进行了讨论,为企业年金的发展和政策制定提供了建议.     

供应链合作及其契约研究

供应链合约是影响供应链整体绩效的重要因素,已引起众多学者的关注。本文对供应链合作进行了博弈分析,得出了不同合约下的均衡结果及相关结论,同时通过两种合约的比较探讨了利益共享合约的优越性。最后,文章也介绍了订立合约的影响因素及方法。     

利益分化格局下中国共产党意识形态整合工作提优策略

改革开放以来,伴随着经济结构的深度调整,社会结构的快速转型,社会阶层的持续分化,导致利益结构的深刻变化,呈现利益诉求多样化、利益关系复杂化、利益差距显著化的特征,致使中国共产党的意识形态整合工作面临引导力被弱化、凝聚力被消解、包容力被降低等诸多障碍。为巩固党的执政基础,强化主流意识形态对社会群体思想的有效整合,必须坚持“一元主导”与“多样共存”的同向发展理念,培育社会各利益群体共同遵循的价值共识,增强党和人民辨别非主流意识形态的判断能力,创新以主流意识形态立体网络为载体的整合手段。     

A general long-term aging model with different underlying activation mechanisms: Modeling,Bayesian estimation,and case influence diagnostics

In this paper we propose a general cure rate aging model. Our approach enables different underlying activation mechanisms which lead to the event of interest. The number of competing causes of the event of interest is assumed to follow a logarithmic distribution. The model is parameterized in terms of the cured fraction which is then linked to covariates. We explore the use of Markov chain Monte Carlo methods to develop a Bayesian analysis for the proposed model. Moreover, some discussions on the model selection to compare the fitted models are given, as well as case deletion influence diagnostics are developed for the joint posterior distribution based on the ψ-divergence, which has several divergence measures as particular cases, such as the Kullback–Leibler (K-L), J-distance, L₁ norm, and χ²-square divergence measures. Simulation studies are performed and experimental results are illustrated based on a real malignant melanoma data.     

Generalized Kerridge’s inaccuracy measure for conditionally specified models

Recently, conditional Renyi’s divergence of order α and Kerridge’s inaccuracy measures are studied by Navarro et al. (2014 Navarro, J., Sunoj, S.M., Linu, M.N. (2014). Characterizations of bivariate models using some dynamic conditional information divergence measures. Commun. Stat. Theory Methods 43:1939–1948.[Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). In the present article, a generalized dynamic conditional Kerridge’s inaccuracy measure is introduced, which can be represented as the sum of conditional Renyi’s divergence and Renyi’s entropy. Some useful bounds are obtained using the concept of likelihood ratio order. The results are extended to weighted distributions. Sufficient conditions are obtained for the monotonicity of the proposed measure. Characterizations for bivariate exponential conditional distribution are presented based on the proposed measure.     

A new confidence interval in measurement error model with the reliability ratio known

For the slope parameter of the measurement error model with the reliability ratio known, this article constructs a fiducial generalized confidence interval (FGCI) which is proved to have correct asymptotic coverage. Simulation results demonstrate that the FGCI often outperforms the existing intervals in terms of empirical coverage probability, average interval length, and false parameter coverage rate. Two examples are also provided to illustrate our approach.